1. During briefings, a specific safety topic and talking points should be delivered to all staff and students. These topics are specific enough to ensure a meaningful discussion that covers a wide range of safety issues, including, but not limited to, proper/safe operation of aircraft systems, runway safety and vigilance, and individual/personal safety measures.

2. Instructors should be advised to limit cockpit instruction during critical phases of flight, particularly during taxiing, to mitigate the risks of a runway incursion or other surface incident. Placards should be developed and mounted on the panel of each aircraft to remind instructors of this action.

3. The flight school’s safety officer, chief pilot, and chief executive officer (CEO) should attend monthly safety meetings facilitated by their respective airport personnel. These meetings are usually conducted monthly and attended by the airport organizations. The items discussed at these meetings should be disseminated to all company personnel.

4. Flight school certificated flight instructors (CFI) are required to participate in monthly recurrent training to include the completion of an online runway safety course. The runway safety course should be integrated into the school’s CFI standardization syllabus. Students are also required to participate in this training, as part of initial Ground School training, and must complete it before their first solo.

5. Tower visits should be incorporated into the standardization syllabus for all new CFIs, and discuss runway incursion avoidance procedures with ATC personnel.

6. Flight schools should develop a Letter of Authorization (LOA) with their respective airport control tower, and establish a flight school call sign format by requiring the enunciating all numbers in the call sign (e.g., “Flight School Name three-one-six” and not “Flight School Name three sixteen”).

7. Flight schools should look into marking/painting their aircraft in a high visibility accent paint scheme and assign those aircraft to solo operations, and they should look into student pilots announcing to the tower “Student Pilot,” then the remainder of their flight school’s call sign.

8. Flight school launch and recovery times should be managed to occur during reduced airport operation times. The scheduling of flights during low airport activity times can significantly reduce runway and pattern congestion, reduce the load on the tower controllers, and potentially provide more service to the student pilots and CFIs.

9. Instruct students that, at airports with control towers, there may be a loss of communication, or an aircraft may experience a “stuck microphone,” which can block all aircraft/tower communications. Therefore, pilots should scan the tower as they taxi, after being given a LUAW clearance, and on the runway while waiting for takeoff clearance, the pilot should expect a communication from ATC within 90 seconds. If the pilot does not receive a communication from ATC within 90 seconds of the LUAW clearance, the pilot should query ATC, and scan for “Light Gun Signals” to ensure that they do not miss any tower alerts.

10. Instruct students that on final approach, if they have not received landing clearance, to ask the tower, “Flight School call sign, am I cleared to land?” and, if there is no response, to execute a go-around.