NOTAM (NOTICE TO AIRMEN) A notice containing information concerning facilities, services, or procedures, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.

OPERATING LIMITATIONS Limitations published by aircraft manufacturers to define limitations on maneuvers, flight load factors, speeds and other limits. Presented in the aircraft in the form of placards and printed in the limitations section of the aircraft flight manual.

OVERSHOOTING The act of over flying an intended spot for landing or flying through a course intended for intercept.

PARAFOIL See RAM-AIR WING.

PARALLEL RUNWAYS Two or more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel. In addition to runway number, parallel runways are designated as L(left) and R(right) or if three parallel runways exist, L(left), C (center) and R(right).

PARASITE DRAG That part of total drag created by the design or shape of PPC parts. Parasite drag increases with an increase in airspeed.

PART 1 Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to definitions and abbreviations of terms.

PART 61 Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to the issuance of pilot and instructor certificates and ratings.

PART 67 Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to medical standards and certification for pilots.

PART 91 Federal Aviation Regulation from 14 CFR, pertaining to general operating and flight rules.

PATTERN ALTITUDE The common altitude used for aircraft maneuvering in the traffic pattern. Usually 1,000 above the airport surface.

PENDULUM A body so suspended from a fixed point as to move to and fro by the action of gravity and acquired momentum.

PENDULUM EFFECT The characteristic of the cart weight hanging below the wing that stabilizes the wing pitching moment and the cart underneath the wing for unaccelerated flight. This cart weight (pendulum) can also create momentum of the cart rotating around the wing.

PERSONALITY TENDENCIES Personal traits and characteristics of an individual that are set at a very early age and extremely resistant to change.

P-FACTOR A tendency for an aircraft to yaw to the left due to the descending propeller blade on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. This occurs when the aircraft’s longitudinal axis is in a climbing attitude in relation to the relative wind. The P-factor would be to the right if the aircraft had a counterclockwise rotating propeller.

PILOTAGE Navigational technique based on flight by reference to ground landmarks.

PILOT IN COMMAND The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft.

PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK (POH) A document developed by the aircraft manufacturer and contains the FAA approved Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) information.