Application of risk management principles becomes more effective after specific training for this purpose. Sources of risk management training include flight or ground instructors, schools, and commercial sources.

The effectiveness of risk management training increases when integrated with the knowledge, risk, and skill requirements contained in the applicable Airman Certification Standards (ACS).

Risk management training will also be more effective if it is integrated with other SRM skills such as automation management, task and workload management, and situational awareness. These higher order thinking skills are crucial to operating safely in today’s aviation environment.

Flight reviews, instrument proficiency checks, and other evaluation activities include the certification requirements for risk management. These events should use scenarios designed to address the hazards and associated risks relevant to the pilot. For example, external pressures could be simulated using a “what if” scenario that might arise for a pilot who regularly flies associates or family to events that cannot be rescheduled.