Chapter 2
Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, & Rigging
A program revision procedure should be included so that an evaluation of any revision can be made by the operator prior to submitting them to the FAA for approval.
Procedures for administering the program should be established. These should include: defining the duties and responsibilities for all personnel involved in the program, scheduling inspections, recording their accomplishment, and maintaining a file of completed work forms.
The operator’s manual should include a section that clearly describes the complete program, including procedures for program scheduling, recording, and accountability for continuing accomplishment of the program. This section serves to facilitate administration of the program by the certificate holder and to direct its accomplishment by mechanics or repair stations. The operator’s manual should include instructions to accomplish the maintenance/inspections tasks. It should also contain a list of the necessary tools and equipment needed to perform the maintenance and inspections.
The FAA FSDO will provide each operator with computer-generated Operations Specifications when they approve the program.
Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP)
The definition of maintenance in 14 CFR part 1 includes inspection. The inspection program required for 14 CFR part 121 and part 135 air carriers is part of the Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP). CAMP is not required of every part 135 carrier; it depends on aircraft being operated. It is a complex program that requires an organization of experienced and knowledgeable aviation personnel to implement it.
The FAA has developed an Advisory Circular, AC 120-16 (as revised) Air Carrier Maintenance Programs, which explains the background as well as the FAA regulatory requirements for these programs. The AC applies to air carriers subject to 14 CFR parts 119, 121, and 135. For part 135, it applies only to aircraft type certificated with ten or more passenger seats.
Any person wanting to place their aircraft on this type of program should contact their local FAA FSDO for guidance.
Title 14 CFR part 125, section 125.247, Inspection Programs & Maintenance
This regulation applies to airplanes having a seating capacity of 20 or more passengers or a maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more when the aircraft is not required to be operated under 14 CFR parts 121, 129, 135, and 137. Inspection programs which may be approved for use under this 14 CFR part include, but are not limited to:
- A continuous inspection program which is part of a current continuous airworthiness program approved for use by a certificate holder under 14 CFR part 121 or part 135;
- Inspection programs currently recommended by the manufacturer of the airplane, airplane engines, propellers, appliances, or survival and emergency equipment; or
- An inspection program developed by a certificate holder under 14 CFR part 125. The airplane subject to this part may not be operated unless:
- The replacement times for life-limited parts specified in the aircraft type certificate data sheets, or other documents approved by the FAA are complied with;
- Defects disclosed between inspections, or as a result of inspection, have been corrected in accordance with 14 CFR part 43; and
- The airplane, including airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and survival and emergency equipment, and their component parts, is inspected in accordance with an inspection program approved by the FAA. These inspections must include at least the following: ○ Instructions, procedures and standards for the particular make and model of airplane, including tests and checks. The instructions and procedures must set forth in detail the parts and areas of the airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and survival and emergency equipment required to be inspected. ○ A schedule for the performance of the inspections that must be performed under the program, expressed in terms of the time in service, calendar time, number of system operations, or any combination of these. ○ The person used to perform the inspections required by 14 CFR part 125, must be authorized to perform maintenance under 14 CFR part 43. The airplane subject to part 125 may not be operated unless the installed engines have been maintained in accordance with the overhaul periods recommended by the manufacturer or a program approved by the FAA; the engine overhaul periods are specified in the inspection programs required by 14 CFR part 125, section 125.247.
Piston-Engine & Turbine-Powered Helicopter Inspections
A piston-engine helicopter must be inspected in accordance with the scope and detail of 14 CFR part 43, Appendix D for an Annual Inspection. However, there are additional performance rules for inspections under 14 CFR part 43, section 43.15, requiring that each person performing an inspection under 14 CFR part 91 on a rotorcraft shall inspect these additional components in accordance with the maintenance manual or Instructions for Continued Airworthiness of the manufacturer concerned:
- The drive shaft or similar systems.
- The main rotor transmission gear box for obvious defects.
- The main rotor and center section (or the equivalent area).
- The auxiliary rotor.
The operator of a turbine-powered helicopter can elect to have it inspected under 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409:
- Annual inspection.
- 100-hour inspection, when being used for compensation or hire.
- A progressive inspection, when authorized by the FAA.
- An inspection program listed under 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409 (f), when selected by the owner/operator and the selection is recorded in the aircraft maintenance records (14 CFR part 91, section 91.409(e)).
When performing any of the above inspections, the additional performance rules under 14 CFR part 43, section 43.15, for rotorcraft must be complied with.
Light Sport Aircraft & Aircraft Certificated as Experimental
Light sport aircraft and aircraft that are certificated in the experimental category are issued a Special Airworthiness Certificate by the FAA. Operating limitations are issued to these aircraft as a part of the Special Airworthiness Certificate that specify the required inspections and inspection intervals for the aircraft.