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handbook

Aviation Weather Handbook

FAA-H-8083-28B Version 2026

Chapter 24

Observations

/OV APE230010 230° at 10 NM from the Appleton VOR.

/OV KJFK107080 107° at 80 NM from John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, NY.

24.5.1.2.2 Route Segment

A PIREP can also be referenced using two or more fixes to describe a route.

Examples:

/OV KSTL-KMKC From St. Louis Lambert International Airport, St. Louis, MO, to Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport, Kansas City, MO.

/OV KSTL090030-KMKC045015 From 90° at 30 NM from St. Louis Lambert International Airport, St. Louis, MO, to 45° at 15 NM from Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport, Kansas City, MO.

24.5.1.3 Time (/TM)

Time (/TM) is the time when the reported phenomenon occurred or was encountered. It is coded in four digits UTC.

Example:

/TM 1315 1315 UTC.

24.5.1.4 Altitude/Flight Level (/FL)

The altitude/flight level (/FL) is the altitude in hundreds of feet MSL where the phenomenon was first encountered. If not known, UNKN is entered. If the aircraft was climbing or descending, the appropriate contraction (DURC or DURD) is entered in the remarks (/RM). If the condition was encountered within a layer, the altitude range is entered within the appropriate element that describes the condition.

Examples:

/FL085 8,500 ft MSL.

/FL310 Flight level 310.

/FLUNKN /RM DURC Flight level unknown, remarks, during climb.

24.5.1.5 Aircraft Type (/TP)

Aircraft type (/TP) is entered. If not known, UNKN is entered. Icing and turbulence reports always include aircraft type.

Examples: