Risk elements in ADM. Take into consideration the four fundamental risk elements: the pilot, the aircraft, the environment, and external pressures.

Risk management. The part of the decision-making process which relies on situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.

Rote learning. A basic level of learning in which the learner has the ability to repeat back something learned, with no understanding or ability to apply what was learned.

Scenario-based training (SBT). Training method that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment.

Selection-type test items. Test items requiring the learner to choose from two or more alternatives provided. True-false, matching, and multiple choice type questions are examples of selection type test items.

Self-concept. A perception factor that ties together how people feel about themselves with how well they receive experiences.

Sensory register. That portion of the brain which receives input from the five senses. The individual’s preconceived concept of what is important determines how the register prioritizes the information for passing it on to the rest of the brain for action.

Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM). The art/science of managing all the resources (both onboard the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure that the successful outcome of the flight is never in doubt.

Sites. Internet addresses which provide information and often are linked to other similar sites

Situational awareness. The accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements that affect safety before, during, and after the flight.

Skill knowledge. Knowledge reflected in motor or manual skills and in cognitive or mental skills that manifests itself in the doing of something.

Skills and procedures. The procedural, psychomotor, and perceptual skills used to control a specific aircraft or its systems. They are the stick and rudder or airmanship abilities that are gained through conventional training, are perfected, and become almost automatic through experience.

Source. In communication, the sender, speaker, transmitter, or instructor who composes and transmits a message made up of symbols which are meaningful to listeners and readers.

Stem. The part of a multiple choice test item consisting of the question, statement, or problem.

Stress management. The personal analysis of the kinds of stress experienced while flying, the application of appropriate stress assessment tools, and other coping mechanisms.

Supply-type test item. Question in which the learner supplies answers as opposed to selecting from choices provided. Essay or fill-in-the-blank-type questions are examples of supply-type test items.

Symbols. In communication, simple oral and visual codes such as words, gestures, and facial expressions which are formed into sentences, paragraphs, lectures, or chapters to compose and transmit a message that means something to the receiver of the information.

Task. Knowledge area, flight procedure, or maneuver within an area of operation in a practical test standard.