Chapter 27
Forecasts
0600/0624
This TAF is valid from the sixth day of the month at 0000 UTC until the sixth day of the month at 2400 UTC (or seventh day of the month at 0000 UTC).
27.4.2.5 Wind Group (dddffGfmfmKT)
The initial time period and any subsequent “from” (FM) groups begin with a mean surface wind forecast (dddffGf f KT) for that period. Wind forecasts are expressed as the mean three-digit direction (ddd, relative to true north) from which the wind is blowing, rounded to the nearest 10°, and the mean wind speed in knots (ff) for the time period. If wind gusts are forecast (gusts are defined as rapid fluctuations in wind speeds with a variation of 10 kt or more between peaks and lulls), they are indicated immediately after the mean wind speed by the letter G, followed by the peak gust speed expected. KT is appended to the end of the wind forecast group. Any wind speed of 100 kt or more will be encoded in three digits. Calm winds are encoded as 00000KT.
The prevailing wind direction is forecast for any speed greater than or equal to 7 kt. When the prevailing surface wind direction is variable (variations in wind direction of 30° or more), the forecast wind direction is encoded as VRBffKT. Two conditions where this can occur are very light winds and convective activity. Variable wind direction for very light winds must have a wind speed of 1 to 6 kt inclusive. For convective activity, the wind group may be encoded as VRBffGf f KT, where Gf f is the maximum expected wind gusts. VRB is not used in the non-convective LLWS group.
Squalls are forecast in the wind group as gusts (G) but must be identified in the significant weather group with the code SQ.
Examples:
23010KT
Wind from 230° “true” (southwest) at 10 kt.
28020G35KT
Wind from 280° “true” (west) at 20 kt gusting to 35 kt.
VRB05KT
Wind variable at 5 kt.
VRB15G30KT
Wind variable at 15 kt gusting to 30 kt due to forecast convective activity.
00000KT
Wind calm.
27.4.2.6 Visibility Group (VVVV)
The initial time period and any subsequent FM groups include a visibility forecast (VVVV) in statute miles appended by the contraction SM.
When the prevailing visibility is forecast to be less than or equal to 6 SM, one or more significant weather groups are included in the TAF. However, drifting dust (DRDU), drifting sand (DRSA), drifting snow (DRSN), shallow fog (MIFG), partial fog (PRFG), and patchy fog (BCFG) may be forecast with prevailing visibility greater than or equal to 7 SM.